與國(guó)內(nèi)考試中常見(jiàn)的判斷題答案僅僅存在正確和錯(cuò)誤兩種可能性不一樣,雅思(IELTS)考試中的正誤判斷題對(duì)任何一個(gè)需要判斷正誤的句子都給出了三種可能,分別是True/Yes(正確),F(xiàn)alse/No(錯(cuò)誤)以及Not Given(未提及)。因此,要做好雅思中的正誤判斷題,學(xué)生首先要理解“False”的含義。
與國(guó)內(nèi)考試中常見(jiàn)的判斷題答案僅僅存在正確和錯(cuò)誤兩種可能性不一樣,雅思(IELTS)考試中的正誤判斷題對(duì)任何一個(gè)需要判斷正誤的句子都給出了三種可能,分別是True/Yes(正確),F(xiàn)alse/No(錯(cuò)誤)以及Not Given(未提及)。學(xué)生通常發(fā)現(xiàn)這種題型很難,原因之一就是這些學(xué)生習(xí)慣于做True和False題目,其中的False涵蓋了False和Not Given兩種情況,所以當(dāng)學(xué)生在做True, False和Not Given的題目時(shí)他們無(wú)法區(qū)分三個(gè)不同種類(lèi)的矛盾對(duì)立狀況和“Not Given”的區(qū)別。因此,要做好雅思中的正誤判斷題,學(xué)生首先要理解“False”的含義。事實(shí)上,F(xiàn)ALSE/NO總共有三種矛盾對(duì)立狀況:
statements which are the opposite of the original text.
命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立(相反)。
statements which are the opposite of the original text, because they are negative.
命題與原文對(duì)立(相反),因?yàn)槊}否定原文內(nèi)容。
statements where the information is not the opposite or negative, but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.
命題信息既不對(duì)立(相反)也不否定,但是和原文內(nèi)容矛盾。
Example 1
原文:In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests —— what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them —— independent of any formal tuition.
題目:The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.
分析:由于原文是“the frequent and often vivid media coverage (媒體的大肆報(bào)道)”,而題目中卻是“has largely been ignored by the media (經(jīng)常被媒體忽視)”。這就是False的第一種情況:命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立(相反)。
Example 2
原文:In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests —— what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them —— independent of any formal tuition.
題目:Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms.
分析:原文說(shuō)得很清楚,“it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests independent of any formal tuition”,意思是“孩子們很有可能會(huì)形成一些跟雨林相關(guān)的概念,而這些概念是獨(dú)立于任何正統(tǒng)的教學(xué)的”,而題目“children only (只) accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms (教室)”表示孩子們只接受在教室中學(xué)到的關(guān)于熱帶雨林的知識(shí)。這就是False的第二種情況:命題否定原文內(nèi)容。原文有多種可能,而題目說(shuō)只存在一種可能,這種情況常有絕對(duì)性詞語(yǔ)only和must等詞伴隨。
Example 3
原文:Responses to question three concerned the important of rainforests. Similarly, but a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats. The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities.
題目:Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests’ destruction.
分析:原文指出“第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是關(guān)于雨林的重要性,更多的女孩比男孩說(shuō)雨林提供了人類(lèi)的居所;第四個(gè)問(wèn)題才是問(wèn)雨林破壞的成因”。通過(guò)比較原文和題目我們發(fā)現(xiàn):題目并沒(méi)有明顯的對(duì)立和否定的詞匯出現(xiàn),而是通過(guò)句式結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換產(chǎn)生了題目和文章信息的矛盾。因此,這就是False的第三種情況。
總而言之,如果在閱讀文章中找到了跟題目對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)句,并且通過(guò)閱讀比較后發(fā)現(xiàn)兩句話的意思不一致,則答案應(yīng)該是:False (錯(cuò)誤)。
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