托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 1

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來說，TPO往往就是一個首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 1。

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The Empire of Alexander the Great

1. According to paragraph 1, Alexander the Great did which of the following? 【事實信息題】
A Regulated the movement and resettlement in southwest Asia of thousands of Greek people
B Opened up opportunities in new markets for traders and artisans
C Created new restrictions on trade
D Encouraged Greek citizens to choose military careers over careers in trade
答案： B

解析：定位句In the next generation thousands of Greek traders and artisans would enter this wider world to seek their fortunes. 在未來，成千上萬的希臘商人和工匠會進入更廣闊的世界尋求他們的機遇。對應(yīng)選項B，為商人和工匠創(chuàng)造了新市場中的機會。

2. The word "diffusion" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A adoption
B spread
C teaching
D learning
答案： B

解析： diffusion擴散，傳播，對應(yīng)選項B，傳播。

3. In paragraph 2,the author mentions the libraries at Antioch and Alexandria in order to【修辭目的題】
A provide evidence that the library was a cultural institution in the East before it spread to the West
B explain why it was important for Greek to become the great international language
C identify two of the sources of Greek cultural influence within Alexander’s empire
D support the claim that the Greeks transformed Middle Eastern garrisons and military posts into cultural centers
答案： C

解析：定位句為第二段最后一句，提到Antioch的是最有名的圖書館，Alexandria是之后幾千年中世界上最好的圖書館，體現(xiàn)這是一種文化的傳播。A的before it spread to the West未提及，B的 why it was important 未提及，D transformed …into cultural centers未提及。因此正確答案為C。

4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡化題】
A Assemblies were held in the agora to discuss some issues of the day, but more fundamental questions were decided by key individuals.
B In a culture where philosophical discussions were frequent, some individuals questioned the value of a life focused on the marketplace.
C Life centered around the agora, an open marketplace and site for public debate, where individuals could participate in decision making.
D The focus of individuals was on fundamental topics such as the purpose of government and the connection between law and freedom.
答案： C

解析：原句核心：生活圍繞著集市，在這里人們可以討論政府的目的或法律與自由的關(guān)系，且可以自己做決定。與C選項語序一致，含義匹配, 因此C選項正確。

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5. According to paragraph 3，Plato believed that the ideal city-state should be【事實信息題】
A governed by a ruling body of about 5,000 city leaders with a total population of no more than 100,000
B led by the most qualified individual
C governed by the group of citizens with the most knowledge about the issues of the day
D small enough so that everyone would know each other
答案： D

解析：定位句The philosopher Plato (428-348 B.C.) felt that the ideal city-state should have about 5,000 citizens, because to the Greeks it was important that everyone in the community should know each other. 哲學(xué)家柏拉圖(公元前428 - 348)認為理想的城邦應(yīng)該大約有5000個公民，因為對希臘人來說在社區(qū)的每個人對彼此相互了解是非常重要的。對應(yīng)選項D的足夠小以至于大家都互相認識。

6. Why does the author mention "The philosopher Aristotle"?【修辭目的題】
A To provide additional evidence that the ancient Greeks believed that political units must be small
B To demonstrate the accuracy of philosophers’ predictions about the end of the classical Greek city-state
C To show how changes in the city-state system from the fifth to the third century B C. were reflected in the ideas of its philosophers
D To support the claim that small city-states were ideally suited to produce philosophical inquiry
答案： A

解析：定位句The philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who lived at a time when the city-state system was declining, believed that a political entity of 100,000 simply would not be able to govern itself. 哲學(xué)家亞里士多德(公元前384 - 322),生活在這個城邦制度削弱的時期,他認為擁有十萬公民的一個政治實體將無法自我監(jiān)督。對應(yīng)選項A的提供額外的證據(jù)表明,古希臘人認為政治單位必須很小。

7. The word "declining" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A at its best
B rapidly expanding
C first being formed
D weakening
答案： D

解析：declining下滑;衰退;傾斜，對應(yīng)選項D，削弱。

8. According to paragraph 4, Alexander's empire was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT 【否定事實信息題】
A decreased need for military control
B growing professionalism
C growth of cities
D specialization in trades
答案： A

解析：選項B對應(yīng)原文中的One now had to specialize, and with specialization came professionalism. 現(xiàn)在人們不得不專攻事物，從而變得職業(yè)化。選項C和D對應(yīng)原文中的But with the development of trade and commerce in Alexander’s empire came the growth of cities; it was no longer possible to be a jack-of-all-trades. 但是隨著貿(mào)易和商業(yè)的發(fā)展，在亞歷山大帝國也在發(fā)展,人們再也不可能是萬事通。即在帝國發(fā)展的情況下人們要專攻貿(mào)易變得更為職業(yè)化，選項A的減少軍事控制未被提及，因此正確答案為A。

9. The word ”peak” in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A end
B command
C high point
D beginning
答案： C

解析：peak 山峰;最高點;頂點，對應(yīng)選項C，最高點。

10. According to paragraph 5, religion in the Greek city-state involved 【事實信息題】
A a set of rules governing behavior
B a detailed conception of life after death
C rituals related to significant life events
D worship of gods who were not like humans
答案： C

解析：定位句At the peak of the Greek city-state, religion played an important part. 在希臘城邦的鼎盛時期,宗教發(fā)揮了重要作用。A選項的governing behavior與原文rather than to any code of behavior相反，排除; B選項的 life after death與原文Nor was there much of a theory of afterlife相反，排除; D選項的not like humans與原文very much as being like human beings相反，排除。因此正確答案為C。

11. According to paragraph 6，what was the basis for the accusation against Socrates? 【事實信息題】
A He encouraged people to be guided by their own consciences instead of by the state.
B He stated that people had a duty to fight against the corruption of their leaders.
C He reasoned that the needs of the youth were more important than the needs of the state.
D He argued that people’s behavior should be guided by the religious systems of the Middle East.
答案： A

解析：定位句The Athenian philosopher Socrates (470-399 B.C.) was the first person in Greece to propose a morality based on individual conscience rather than the demands of the state…雅典的哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底(公元前470 - 399年)是希臘人中第一個提出道德應(yīng)基于個人良心而并非基于國家的要求…對應(yīng)A的guided by their own consciences instead of by the state。

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12.The word "propose" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A suggest
B deny
C consider
D question
答案： A

解析：propose建議;打算，計劃，對應(yīng)選項A，建議。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入題】
Likewise, the collective decision-making process of the open marketplace was no longer practical.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
答案： C

解析：句首引導(dǎo)詞Likewise體現(xiàn)上文已經(jīng)提到一種類似情況，且名詞open marketplace在B處出現(xiàn)，對應(yīng)development of trade and commerce;A處有指代前文信息，不得斷開，B處句首But對前文內(nèi)容進行轉(zhuǎn)折，不得斷開。因此正確答案為C。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結(jié)題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
Alexander the Great’s creation of a vast empire had important consequences for Greece and the conquered areas of southwest Asia.
Answer choices
Scholars from Antioch, Alexandria, and other Middle Eastern cultural centers came to Greece to study the Greek language and culture.
Increasing urbanization and the elimination of trade barriers meant the end of the Greek city-state and the creation of a much larger political and economic body.
The professionalism and specialization so prized by the ancient Greeks were replaced by a more generalized philosophy of education in the empire.
The expansion of Alexander’s empire led to the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought throughout the Middle East.
The empire saw the birth of a new culture, merging Greek philosophical ideas with the religious spirit of Asia.
Religion played an important part in the expansion of the empire, as Alexander introduced Zeus and the other Greek gods to Asia.
答案： BDE

解析：B選項的elimination of trade barriers對應(yīng)原文第一段的barriers to trade and the movement of peoples were removed;D選項的diffusion of Greek language, literature對應(yīng)原文第二段的第三句出現(xiàn);E選項的merging Greek philosophical ideas with the religious spirit of Asia對應(yīng)原文第六段的最后一句，religious instinct of Asia with the philosophic spirit of Greece spread across the world。因此正確答案為BDE.

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